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Sunday, June 15, 2008
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
Net command help
NET.exe
The NET Command is used to manage File Shares, Printer Shares and sessions as follows: Display a local shareNET SHARE sharenameDisplay a list of computers in the current domain. NET VIEWTo see a list of shares on a remote computer NET VIEW \\ComputerNameTo see a list of all shares in the domain:NET VIEW /DOMAINTo see a list of shares on a different domainNET VIEW /DOMAIN:domainnameTo see a list of shares on a remote Netware computer NET VIEW /NETWORK:NW [\\ComputerName]Create a new local file shareNET SHARE sharename=drive:path /REMARK:"text" [/CACHE:Manual Automatic No ]Limit the number of users who can connect to a shareNET SHARE sharename /USERS:number /REMARK:"text"Remove any limit on the number of users who can connect to a shareNET SHARE sharename /UNLIMITED /REMARK:"text"Delete a shareNET SHARE {sharename devicename drive:path} /DELETEDelete all shares that apply to a given deviceNET SHARE devicename /DELETEIn this case the devicename can be a printer (Lpt1) or a pathname (C:\Docs\)Join a file share (Drive MAP)NET USE Display all the open shared files on a server and the lock-idNET FILEClose a shared file (disconnect other users and remove file locks)NET FILE id /CLOSEList all sessions connected to this machineNET SESSIONList sessions from a given machineNET SESSION \\ComputerNameDisconnect all sessions connected to this machineNET SESSION /DELETEDisconnect all sessions connected to this machine (without any prompts)NET SESSION /DELETE /yDisconnect sessions from a given machineNET SESSION \\ComputerName /DELETENotes:NET SESSION displays incoming connections only, in other words it must be run on the machine that is acting as the server.
To create file shares the SERVER service must be running, which in turn requires 'File and Print Sharing' to be installed.
"Don't worry about people stealing an idea. If it's original, you will have to ram it down their throats" - Howard Aiken
ARP Address Resolution ProtocolASSOC Change file extension associationsASSOCIAT One step file associationAT Schedule a command to run at a later timeATTRIB Change file attributes BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settingsBROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info CACLS Change file permissionsCALL Call one batch program from anotherCD Change Directory - move to a specific FolderCHANGE Change Terminal Server Session propertiesCHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problemsCHKNTFS Check the NTFS file systemCHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch fileCIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/foldersCleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle binCLEARMEM Clear memory leaksCLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.CLS Clear the screenCLUSTER Windows ClusteringCMD Start a new CMD shellCOLOR Change colors of the CMD windowCOMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of filesCOMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partitionCOMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partitionCON2PRT Connect or disconnect a PrinterCONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.COPY Copy one or more files to another locationCSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data DATE Display or set the dateDcomcnfg DCOM Configuration UtilityDEFRAG Defragment hard driveDEL Delete one or more filesDELPROF Delete NT user profilesDELTREE Delete a folder and all subfoldersDevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility DIR Display a list of files and foldersDIRUSE Display disk usageDISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disksDISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to anotherDNSSTAT DNS StatisticsDOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macrosDSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY List items in active directoryDSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory ECHO Display message on screenENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch fileERASE Delete one or more filesEXIT Quit the CMD shellEXPAND Uncompress filesEXTRACT Uncompress CAB files FC Compare two filesFDISK Disk Format and partitionFIND Search for a text string in a fileFINDSTR Search for strings in filesFOR /F Loop command: against a set of filesFOR /F Loop command: against the results of another commandFOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, ListFORFILES Batch process multiple filesFORMAT Format a diskFREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)FSUTIL File and Volume utilitiesFTP File Transfer ProtocolFTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations GLOBAL Display membership of global groupsGOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line HELP Online HelpHFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker IF Conditionally perform a commandIFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT WorkgroupIPCONFIG Configure IP KILL Remove a program from memory LABEL Edit a disk labelLOCAL Display membership of local groupsLOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.LOGOFF Log a user offLOGTIME Log the date and time in a file MAPISEND Send email from the command lineMEM Display memory usageMD Create new foldersMKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)MODE Configure a system deviceMORE Display output, one screen at a timeMOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount pointMOVE Move files from one folder to anotherMOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to anotherMSG Send a messageMSIEXEC Microsoft Windows InstallerMSINFO Windows NT diagnosticsMSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)MV Copy in-use files NET Manage network resourcesNETDOM Domain ManagerNETSH Configure network protocolsNETSVC Command-line Service ControllerNBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)NOW Display the current Date and Time NSLOOKUP Name server lookupNTBACKUP Backup folders to tapeNTRIGHTS Edit user account rights PATH Display or set a search path for executable filesPATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet lossPAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a messagePERMS Show permissions for a userPERFMON Performance MonitorPING Test a network connectionPOPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHDPORTQRY Display the status of ports and servicesPRINT Print a text filePRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printerPRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printerPROMPT Change the command promptPsExec Execute process remotelyPsFile Show files opened remotelyPsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a userPsInfo List information about a systemPsKill Kill processes by name or process IDPsList List detailed information about processesPsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)PsLogList Event log recordsPsPasswd Change account passwordPsService View and control servicesPsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computerPsSuspend Suspend processesPUSHD Save and then change the current directory QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern. RASDIAL Manage RAS connectionsRASPHONE Manage RAS connectionsRECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and valuesREGEDIT Import or export registry settingsREGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLLREGINI Change Registry PermissionsREM Record comments (remarks) in a batch fileREN Rename a file or files.REPLACE Replace or update one file with anotherRD Delete folder(s)RDISK Create a Recovery DiskRMTSHARE Share a folder or a printerROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder CopyROUTE Manipulate network routing tablesRUNAS Execute a program under a different user accountRUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections) SC Service ControlSCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks SCLIST Display NT ServicesScriptIt Control GUI applicationsSET Display, set, or remove environment variablesSETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variablesSETX Set environment variables permanently SHARE List or edit a file share or print shareSHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch fileSHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joinedSHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a WorkgroupSHUTDOWN Shutdown the computerSLEEP Wait for x secondsSOON Schedule a command to run in the near futureSORT Sort inputSTART Start a separate window to run a specified program or commandSU Switch UserSUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and DomainSUBST Associate a path with a drive letterSYSTEMINFO List system configuration TASKLIST List running applications and servicesTIME Display or set the system timeTIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch fileTITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE sessionTOUCH Change file timestamps TRACERT Trace route to a remote hostTREE Graphical display of folder structureTYPE Display the contents of a text file USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login VER Display version informationVERIFY Verify that files have been savedVOL Display a disk label WHERE Locate and display files in a directory treeWHOAMI Output the current UserName and domainWINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of filesWINMSD Windows system diagnosticsWINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands XCACLS Change file permissionsXCOPY Copy files and folders
ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
The NET Command is used to manage network resources as follows: Manage ServicesNET START, STOP, PAUSE, CONTINUEConnect to a file/print Share (Drive Map) NET USE
Create/view file/printer SharesNET SHARE, VIEW, FILE, SESSIONSManage Network Print jobs and Network TimeNET TIME, PRINTSecurityNET ACCOUNTS, USER, GROUP, LOCALGROUPNetwork MessagingNET NAME, SENDHelpNET HELP, HELPMSGNetwork configurationNET COMPUTER, CONFIG_WORKSTATION, CONFIG_SERVER, STATISTICS_WORKSTATION, STATISTICS_SERVERWhen you use NET commands in a batch file, you can use the Y or N switch to unconditionally answer Yes or No to questions returned by the Net command"The white man knows how to make everything but he does not know how to distribute it" - Sitting Bull
The NET Command is used to manage services as follows: Syntax NET START [service] NET STOP [service] NET PAUSE [service] NET CONTINUE [service] Key service : The service name as shown in Control Panel, Services
To list the basic NT Services:
NET HELP SERVICES
To list the running NT Services:
NET START
If you try to start a service that is already running you will get this error message:"The requested service has already been started. More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182"You can redirect and FIND this type of error as follows:NET START alerter 2>&1FIND "2182" IF errorlevel 1 goto :s_started
The NET Command is used to connect to a File/Printer Share as follows:
Join a file share (Drive MAP) - Win 2K / XP / 2003 NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName\folder1\folder2 /PERSISTENT:No
The commands below work in NT 4 or greater -Make all future connections persistent (auto-reconnect at login)NET USE /Persistent:Yesor NET USE /P:Yes
Make all future connections non-persistent (reconnect with login script)NET USE /Persistent:NoorNET USE /P:No
Join a file share (Drive MAP)NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName /PERSISTENT:YES
Join a file share (Drive MAP) - with a "long" share nameNET USE [driveletter:] "\\ComputerName\ShareName"
Connect a user to their HOME directoryNET USE [devicename *] [password *]] [/HOME]This requires the users Home server/folder to be defined in ADUCJoin a password protected file share (Drive MAP)NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName[\volume] [password *][/USER:[domainname\]username] [/PERSISTENT:No]In the above command /USER can also be specified as:[/USER:[dotted domain name\]username][/USER:[username@dotted domain name] In a script, to map a drive and wait until the mapping has completed before continuing:START /wait NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareNameThis will be a little slower, but ensures that files can be read from the mapped drive immediately.Join a Printer ShareNET USE [LPTx:] \\ComputerName\printer_share /PERSISTENT:YESJoin a Printer Share - with a "long" share nameNET USE [LPTx:] "\\ComputerName\printer_share"Disconnect from a shareNET USE [driveletter:] /DELETE
Examples
NET USE H: /HomeNET USE H: \\MainServer\Users\%Username%NET USE W: \\MainServer\GroupShare /Persistent:NoNET USE \\MainServer\SharedPrinterNotes:NET USE command can map a network printer to an LPT port (for DOS type applications that print to a port.) but this does not add the printer to Control Panel - Printers.
By default all mapped drives have a 15 minute idle session timeout, you can modify this with the NET CONFIG command. This timeout does affect NT and 2000 but actually became visible in the XP GUI, this behaviour is to improve the overall performance.
Alternatives
Windows Scripting Host (WSH) provides alternative and arguably better commands, for XP and 2003 this is the way to go:Wsh.MapNetworkDrive [ example script ]Wsh.AddWindowsPrinterConnection [Examples]
Drive Descriptions
Recent versions of Windows display a drive description, this can be edited in the Explorer GUI. The text is stored in the registry.Win 2K stores a description for each drive letter, XP stores a description for each share.Win XP registryHKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints2\##ComputerName#ShareName_LabelFromReg= (string REG_SZ) Windows 2000 registryHKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints\DriveLetter\_LabelFromRegCache = (REG_BINARY data type)
"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference - Robert Frost
The NET Command is used to manage Network Print jobs and Network Time as follows: The NET TIME command requires the `server' service to be running on the machine that is serving the time.Display the time at this computer plus the DATE in US FormatNET TIME \\%ComputerName%Display the date and time from another computerNET TIME \\machinenameDisplay the date and time from the logonserverNET TIME %LOGONSERVER%Display the time from the domain timeserverNET TIME /DOMAINDisplay the time from another domainNET TIME /DOMAIN:domainname
Define the time server for your domainNET TIME /setsntp:ServerName.DomainName.com
List the time server(s) for your domainNET TIME /querysntp
Synchronise the computer's clock with that of the domain. NET TIME /DOMAIN /SET /YSynchronise the computer's clock with a different domain. NET TIME /DOMAIN:domainname /SETSynchronise the computer's clock with that of another computerNET TIME \\servername /SET /YESUnder Windows 2000 - you can also use the "w32tm" commandSynchronise the computer's clock with a time server in a different domain. NET TIME /RTSDOMAIN:domainname /SETDisplay the job# of current print jobsNET PRINT \\ComputerName\ShareNameHold a print job waiting in the printer queueNET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /HOLD Release a print job that has been held.NET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /RELEASEDelete a print job from a printer queue.NET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /DELETE
List all available printers NET VIEW \\MyServer find "Print"
The NET Command is used to manage network security resources as follows:View user account password and logon requirements (also displays the machine type - NT Server or NT workstation)NET ACCOUNTSView password and logon requirements for the network domain.NET ACCOUNTS /DOMAINSet the number of minutes a user has before being forced to log off when the account expires or valid logon hours expireNET ACCOUNTS /FORCELOGOFF:minutes /DOMAINPrevent forced logoff when user accounts expireNET ACCOUNTS /FORCELOGOFF:NO /DOMAINSet the minimum number of characters for a password. NET ACCOUNTS /MINPWLEN:c /DOMAINThe range is 0-14 characters; the default is 6 characters.Set the maximum number of days that a password is valid.NET ACCOUNTS /MAXPWAGE:dd /DOMAINThe range is 1-49710; the default is 90 days.Set passwords to never expire.NET ACCOUNTS /MAXPWAGE:UNLIMITED /DOMAINSet a minimum number of days that must pass before a user can change a password (default = 0)NET ACCOUNTS /MINPWAGE:dd /DOMAINRequire that new passwords be different from 'x' number of previous passwordsNET ACCOUNTS /UNIQUEPW:x /DOMAINThe range for 'x' is 1-24Synchoronise the user accounts database (PDC and BDC)NET ACCOUNTS /SYNC /DOMAINView user account detailsNET USER [/DOMAIN]Add a user account.NET USER username {password *} /ADD [options] [/DOMAIN]Modify a user account. NET USER [username [password *] [options]] [/DOMAIN]Delete a usernameNET USER username [/DELETE] [/DOMAIN]Add a WorkgroupNET GROUP groupname /ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] [/DOMAIN]Edit a workgroupNET GROUP [groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN]Delete a groupNET GROUP groupname /DELETE [/DOMAIN]Add a user to a groupNET GROUP groupname username [...] /ADD [/DOMAIN]Delete a user from a groupNET GROUP groupname username [...] /DELETE [/DOMAIN]To View, Add or modify a local workgroup replace GROUP in the commands above with LOCALGROUP.
Example
Create a group
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP spud /addThe command completed successfully.
Add to guests
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP guests spud /addThe command completed successfully.
Then remove
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP guests spud /deleteThe command completed successfully.
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP spud /deleteThe command completed successfully.
The NET Command is used to send network messages as follows:Network broadcast messages use "messaging names". A messaging name can be the ComputerName, your UserName or any other name you add as part of the NET NAME command line. To add an additional messaging name for receiving messages. NET NAME extraname /ADDTo remove a messaging nameNET NAME extraname /DELETEIt is not possible to remove the ComputerName with this commandTo send a broadcast message to another userNET SEND j_smith Meeting changed to 3 p.mTo send a broadcast message to another machineNET SEND mc_144 Meeting changed to 3 p.mTo send a message to all users who have a session with the serverNET SEND /USERS This server will shut down in 5 minutes. To send a broadcast message to the whole domainNET SEND * This server will shut down in 5 minutes.To send a broadcast message to another domainNET SEND /DOMAIN[:other domainname] This server will shut down in 5 minutes.To use NET SEND the Messenger service must be running
The NET Command is used to display help as follows: The syntax for displaying help differs from other NT commands:Provide brief help with any NET command
NET option suboption /?e.g. NET CONFIG SERVER /?
Provide detailed help with any NET command
NET option suboption /HELP orNET HELP option suboptione.g. NET CONFIG SERVER /HELPNET HELP CONFIG SERVER
To provide help with a Windows error message (Typically the 4 digit number from the Event Viewer system log)
NET HELPMSG message#e.g.NET HELPMSG 2184
Explanation of how to read NET HELP screens.
NET HELP SYNTAX
To display NET Help one screen at a time:
NET HELP option MORE
The NET Command is used to manage network resources as follows: Managing Network configurationTo add a computer to the domainNET COMPUTER \\ComputerName /ADDThis command is only available from the Server and is best run from the Primary Domain Controller (PDC)To remove a computer from the domainNET COMPUTER \\ComputerName /DELThis command is only available from the Server and is best run from the Primary Domain Controller (PDC)Change the idle session timeout (default = 15 minutes)NET CONFIG SERVER /Autodisconnect:mmTo disable idle timeouts altogetherNET CONFIG SERVER /Autodisconnect:-1Note this may reduce overall performance - see related KBase articles below.To remove a machine from Network NeighbourhoodNET CONFIG SERVER /hidden:yesBefore using the /hidden option see Q128167
Change the comment displayed in My Computer (detail view)NET CONFIG SERVER /Srvcomment:"YourText"Display or change the Workstation Service communication device settingsNET CONFIG WORKSTATION /?Display statistics for the local Workstation serviceNET STATISTICS WORKSTATIONDisplay statistics for the local Server serviceNET STATISTICS SERVER
Mode is an all purpose configuration command, used without parameters, MODE displays the status of all devices installed on your system. Devices Show the status of all devices: (Typically COM1, COM2, LPT1, CON)MODE Show the status of a specific device:MODE [device] To additionally show the status of any redirected parallel printer:MODE [device] [/STATUS] CMD Prompt window size Change the CMD prompt screen size/buffer Number of cols(characters) wide and Number of lines deepMODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]KeyboardSet the keyboard typematic rate, the rate at which a character is repeated when you hold down the key. MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d] Printing To redirect output from a parallel port (PRN, LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3) to a serial port(COM1, COM2, COM3, etc). You must be a member of the Administrators group to redirect printing. To configure a parallel printer port (PRN, LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3): MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]To setup the parameters for a serial port (* see Start, Help, Commands for more on this). MODE COMm [options*]Configure a printer connected to a parallel printer port. mode LPTn[:] [c][,[l][,r]] mode LPTn[:] [cols=c] [lines=l]This allows you to configure a line printer connected to a parallel printer port. International SettingsChange the current code page: MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyyDisplay the current Code page: MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS]
Examples:
MODE CON:cols=80 lines=25
"The dogma of the ghost in the machine" - Gilbert Ryle
SUMMARY
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This article describes how to use the net user command to change the user password at a Windows command prompt. Only administrators can change domain passwords at the Windows command prompt.
MORE INFORMATION
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To change a user's password at the command prompt, log on as an administrator and type:
net user user_name * /domain
When you are prompted to type a password for the user, type the new password, not the existing password. After you type the new password, the system prompts you to retype the password to confirm. The password is now changed. Alternatively, you can type the following command:
net user user_name new_password
When you do so, the password changes without prompting you again. This command also enables you to change passwords in a batch file. Non-administrators receive a "System error 5 has occurred. Access is denied" error message when they attempt to change the password.
ram
ram disk device
Ram is a block device to access the ram disk in raw mode.It is typically created by: mknod -m 660 /dev/ram b 1 1 chown root:disk /dev/ram
FILES /dev/ram
"All your life you live so close to truth it becomes a permanent blur in the corner of your eye. And when something nudges it into outline, it's like being ambushed by a grotesque." Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead
The NET Command is used to manage File Shares, Printer Shares and sessions as follows: Display a local shareNET SHARE sharenameDisplay a list of computers in the current domain. NET VIEWTo see a list of shares on a remote computer NET VIEW \\ComputerNameTo see a list of all shares in the domain:NET VIEW /DOMAINTo see a list of shares on a different domainNET VIEW /DOMAIN:domainnameTo see a list of shares on a remote Netware computer NET VIEW /NETWORK:NW [\\ComputerName]Create a new local file shareNET SHARE sharename=drive:path /REMARK:"text" [/CACHE:Manual Automatic No ]Limit the number of users who can connect to a shareNET SHARE sharename /USERS:number /REMARK:"text"Remove any limit on the number of users who can connect to a shareNET SHARE sharename /UNLIMITED /REMARK:"text"Delete a shareNET SHARE {sharename devicename drive:path} /DELETEDelete all shares that apply to a given deviceNET SHARE devicename /DELETEIn this case the devicename can be a printer (Lpt1) or a pathname (C:\Docs\)Join a file share (Drive MAP)NET USE Display all the open shared files on a server and the lock-idNET FILEClose a shared file (disconnect other users and remove file locks)NET FILE id /CLOSEList all sessions connected to this machineNET SESSIONList sessions from a given machineNET SESSION \\ComputerNameDisconnect all sessions connected to this machineNET SESSION /DELETEDisconnect all sessions connected to this machine (without any prompts)NET SESSION /DELETE /yDisconnect sessions from a given machineNET SESSION \\ComputerName /DELETENotes:NET SESSION displays incoming connections only, in other words it must be run on the machine that is acting as the server.
To create file shares the SERVER service must be running, which in turn requires 'File and Print Sharing' to be installed.
"Don't worry about people stealing an idea. If it's original, you will have to ram it down their throats" - Howard Aiken
ARP Address Resolution ProtocolASSOC Change file extension associationsASSOCIAT One step file associationAT Schedule a command to run at a later timeATTRIB Change file attributes BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settingsBROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info CACLS Change file permissionsCALL Call one batch program from anotherCD Change Directory - move to a specific FolderCHANGE Change Terminal Server Session propertiesCHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problemsCHKNTFS Check the NTFS file systemCHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch fileCIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/foldersCleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle binCLEARMEM Clear memory leaksCLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.CLS Clear the screenCLUSTER Windows ClusteringCMD Start a new CMD shellCOLOR Change colors of the CMD windowCOMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of filesCOMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partitionCOMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partitionCON2PRT Connect or disconnect a PrinterCONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.COPY Copy one or more files to another locationCSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data DATE Display or set the dateDcomcnfg DCOM Configuration UtilityDEFRAG Defragment hard driveDEL Delete one or more filesDELPROF Delete NT user profilesDELTREE Delete a folder and all subfoldersDevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility DIR Display a list of files and foldersDIRUSE Display disk usageDISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disksDISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to anotherDNSSTAT DNS StatisticsDOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macrosDSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY List items in active directoryDSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory ECHO Display message on screenENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch fileERASE Delete one or more filesEXIT Quit the CMD shellEXPAND Uncompress filesEXTRACT Uncompress CAB files FC Compare two filesFDISK Disk Format and partitionFIND Search for a text string in a fileFINDSTR Search for strings in filesFOR /F Loop command: against a set of filesFOR /F Loop command: against the results of another commandFOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, ListFORFILES Batch process multiple filesFORMAT Format a diskFREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)FSUTIL File and Volume utilitiesFTP File Transfer ProtocolFTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations GLOBAL Display membership of global groupsGOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line HELP Online HelpHFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker IF Conditionally perform a commandIFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT WorkgroupIPCONFIG Configure IP KILL Remove a program from memory LABEL Edit a disk labelLOCAL Display membership of local groupsLOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.LOGOFF Log a user offLOGTIME Log the date and time in a file MAPISEND Send email from the command lineMEM Display memory usageMD Create new foldersMKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)MODE Configure a system deviceMORE Display output, one screen at a timeMOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount pointMOVE Move files from one folder to anotherMOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to anotherMSG Send a messageMSIEXEC Microsoft Windows InstallerMSINFO Windows NT diagnosticsMSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)MV Copy in-use files NET Manage network resourcesNETDOM Domain ManagerNETSH Configure network protocolsNETSVC Command-line Service ControllerNBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)NOW Display the current Date and Time NSLOOKUP Name server lookupNTBACKUP Backup folders to tapeNTRIGHTS Edit user account rights PATH Display or set a search path for executable filesPATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet lossPAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a messagePERMS Show permissions for a userPERFMON Performance MonitorPING Test a network connectionPOPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHDPORTQRY Display the status of ports and servicesPRINT Print a text filePRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printerPRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printerPROMPT Change the command promptPsExec Execute process remotelyPsFile Show files opened remotelyPsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a userPsInfo List information about a systemPsKill Kill processes by name or process IDPsList List detailed information about processesPsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)PsLogList Event log recordsPsPasswd Change account passwordPsService View and control servicesPsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computerPsSuspend Suspend processesPUSHD Save and then change the current directory QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern. RASDIAL Manage RAS connectionsRASPHONE Manage RAS connectionsRECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and valuesREGEDIT Import or export registry settingsREGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLLREGINI Change Registry PermissionsREM Record comments (remarks) in a batch fileREN Rename a file or files.REPLACE Replace or update one file with anotherRD Delete folder(s)RDISK Create a Recovery DiskRMTSHARE Share a folder or a printerROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder CopyROUTE Manipulate network routing tablesRUNAS Execute a program under a different user accountRUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections) SC Service ControlSCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks SCLIST Display NT ServicesScriptIt Control GUI applicationsSET Display, set, or remove environment variablesSETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variablesSETX Set environment variables permanently SHARE List or edit a file share or print shareSHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch fileSHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joinedSHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a WorkgroupSHUTDOWN Shutdown the computerSLEEP Wait for x secondsSOON Schedule a command to run in the near futureSORT Sort inputSTART Start a separate window to run a specified program or commandSU Switch UserSUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and DomainSUBST Associate a path with a drive letterSYSTEMINFO List system configuration TASKLIST List running applications and servicesTIME Display or set the system timeTIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch fileTITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE sessionTOUCH Change file timestamps TRACERT Trace route to a remote hostTREE Graphical display of folder structureTYPE Display the contents of a text file USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login VER Display version informationVERIFY Verify that files have been savedVOL Display a disk label WHERE Locate and display files in a directory treeWHOAMI Output the current UserName and domainWINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of filesWINMSD Windows system diagnosticsWINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands XCACLS Change file permissionsXCOPY Copy files and folders
ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
The NET Command is used to manage network resources as follows: Manage ServicesNET START, STOP, PAUSE, CONTINUEConnect to a file/print Share (Drive Map) NET USE
Create/view file/printer SharesNET SHARE, VIEW, FILE, SESSIONSManage Network Print jobs and Network TimeNET TIME, PRINTSecurityNET ACCOUNTS, USER, GROUP, LOCALGROUPNetwork MessagingNET NAME, SENDHelpNET HELP, HELPMSGNetwork configurationNET COMPUTER, CONFIG_WORKSTATION, CONFIG_SERVER, STATISTICS_WORKSTATION, STATISTICS_SERVERWhen you use NET commands in a batch file, you can use the Y or N switch to unconditionally answer Yes or No to questions returned by the Net command"The white man knows how to make everything but he does not know how to distribute it" - Sitting Bull
The NET Command is used to manage services as follows: Syntax NET START [service] NET STOP [service] NET PAUSE [service] NET CONTINUE [service] Key service : The service name as shown in Control Panel, Services
To list the basic NT Services:
NET HELP SERVICES
To list the running NT Services:
NET START
If you try to start a service that is already running you will get this error message:"The requested service has already been started. More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182"You can redirect and FIND this type of error as follows:NET START alerter 2>&1FIND "2182" IF errorlevel 1 goto :s_started
The NET Command is used to connect to a File/Printer Share as follows:
Join a file share (Drive MAP) - Win 2K / XP / 2003 NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName\folder1\folder2 /PERSISTENT:No
The commands below work in NT 4 or greater -Make all future connections persistent (auto-reconnect at login)NET USE /Persistent:Yesor NET USE /P:Yes
Make all future connections non-persistent (reconnect with login script)NET USE /Persistent:NoorNET USE /P:No
Join a file share (Drive MAP)NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName /PERSISTENT:YES
Join a file share (Drive MAP) - with a "long" share nameNET USE [driveletter:] "\\ComputerName\ShareName"
Connect a user to their HOME directoryNET USE [devicename *] [password *]] [/HOME]This requires the users Home server/folder to be defined in ADUCJoin a password protected file share (Drive MAP)NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareName[\volume] [password *][/USER:[domainname\]username] [/PERSISTENT:No]In the above command /USER can also be specified as:[/USER:[dotted domain name\]username][/USER:[username@dotted domain name] In a script, to map a drive and wait until the mapping has completed before continuing:START /wait NET USE [driveletter:] \\ComputerName\ShareNameThis will be a little slower, but ensures that files can be read from the mapped drive immediately.Join a Printer ShareNET USE [LPTx:] \\ComputerName\printer_share /PERSISTENT:YESJoin a Printer Share - with a "long" share nameNET USE [LPTx:] "\\ComputerName\printer_share"Disconnect from a shareNET USE [driveletter:] /DELETE
Examples
NET USE H: /HomeNET USE H: \\MainServer\Users\%Username%NET USE W: \\MainServer\GroupShare /Persistent:NoNET USE \\MainServer\SharedPrinterNotes:NET USE command can map a network printer to an LPT port (for DOS type applications that print to a port.) but this does not add the printer to Control Panel - Printers.
By default all mapped drives have a 15 minute idle session timeout, you can modify this with the NET CONFIG command. This timeout does affect NT and 2000 but actually became visible in the XP GUI, this behaviour is to improve the overall performance.
Alternatives
Windows Scripting Host (WSH) provides alternative and arguably better commands, for XP and 2003 this is the way to go:Wsh.MapNetworkDrive [ example script ]Wsh.AddWindowsPrinterConnection [Examples]
Drive Descriptions
Recent versions of Windows display a drive description, this can be edited in the Explorer GUI. The text is stored in the registry.Win 2K stores a description for each drive letter, XP stores a description for each share.Win XP registryHKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints2\##ComputerName#ShareName_LabelFromReg=
"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference - Robert Frost
The NET Command is used to manage Network Print jobs and Network Time as follows: The NET TIME command requires the `server' service to be running on the machine that is serving the time.Display the time at this computer plus the DATE in US FormatNET TIME \\%ComputerName%Display the date and time from another computerNET TIME \\machinenameDisplay the date and time from the logonserverNET TIME %LOGONSERVER%Display the time from the domain timeserverNET TIME /DOMAINDisplay the time from another domainNET TIME /DOMAIN:domainname
Define the time server for your domainNET TIME /setsntp:ServerName.DomainName.com
List the time server(s) for your domainNET TIME /querysntp
Synchronise the computer's clock with that of the domain. NET TIME /DOMAIN /SET /YSynchronise the computer's clock with a different domain. NET TIME /DOMAIN:domainname /SETSynchronise the computer's clock with that of another computerNET TIME \\servername /SET /YESUnder Windows 2000 - you can also use the "w32tm" commandSynchronise the computer's clock with a time server in a different domain. NET TIME /RTSDOMAIN:domainname /SETDisplay the job# of current print jobsNET PRINT \\ComputerName\ShareNameHold a print job waiting in the printer queueNET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /HOLD Release a print job that has been held.NET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /RELEASEDelete a print job from a printer queue.NET PRINT [\\ComputerName] job# /DELETE
List all available printers NET VIEW \\MyServer find "Print"
The NET Command is used to manage network security resources as follows:View user account password and logon requirements (also displays the machine type - NT Server or NT workstation)NET ACCOUNTSView password and logon requirements for the network domain.NET ACCOUNTS /DOMAINSet the number of minutes a user has before being forced to log off when the account expires or valid logon hours expireNET ACCOUNTS /FORCELOGOFF:minutes /DOMAINPrevent forced logoff when user accounts expireNET ACCOUNTS /FORCELOGOFF:NO /DOMAINSet the minimum number of characters for a password. NET ACCOUNTS /MINPWLEN:c /DOMAINThe range is 0-14 characters; the default is 6 characters.Set the maximum number of days that a password is valid.NET ACCOUNTS /MAXPWAGE:dd /DOMAINThe range is 1-49710; the default is 90 days.Set passwords to never expire.NET ACCOUNTS /MAXPWAGE:UNLIMITED /DOMAINSet a minimum number of days that must pass before a user can change a password (default = 0)NET ACCOUNTS /MINPWAGE:dd /DOMAINRequire that new passwords be different from 'x' number of previous passwordsNET ACCOUNTS /UNIQUEPW:x /DOMAINThe range for 'x' is 1-24Synchoronise the user accounts database (PDC and BDC)NET ACCOUNTS /SYNC /DOMAINView user account detailsNET USER [/DOMAIN]Add a user account.NET USER username {password *} /ADD [options] [/DOMAIN]Modify a user account. NET USER [username [password *] [options]] [/DOMAIN]Delete a usernameNET USER username [/DELETE] [/DOMAIN]Add a WorkgroupNET GROUP groupname /ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] [/DOMAIN]Edit a workgroupNET GROUP [groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN]Delete a groupNET GROUP groupname /DELETE [/DOMAIN]Add a user to a groupNET GROUP groupname username [...] /ADD [/DOMAIN]Delete a user from a groupNET GROUP groupname username [...] /DELETE [/DOMAIN]To View, Add or modify a local workgroup replace GROUP in the commands above with LOCALGROUP.
Example
Create a group
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP spud /addThe command completed successfully.
Add to guests
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP guests spud /addThe command completed successfully.
Then remove
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP guests spud /deleteThe command completed successfully.
C:\>NET LOCALGROUP spud /deleteThe command completed successfully.
The NET Command is used to send network messages as follows:Network broadcast messages use "messaging names". A messaging name can be the ComputerName, your UserName or any other name you add as part of the NET NAME command line. To add an additional messaging name for receiving messages. NET NAME extraname /ADDTo remove a messaging nameNET NAME extraname /DELETEIt is not possible to remove the ComputerName with this commandTo send a broadcast message to another userNET SEND j_smith Meeting changed to 3 p.mTo send a broadcast message to another machineNET SEND mc_144 Meeting changed to 3 p.mTo send a message to all users who have a session with the serverNET SEND /USERS This server will shut down in 5 minutes. To send a broadcast message to the whole domainNET SEND * This server will shut down in 5 minutes.To send a broadcast message to another domainNET SEND /DOMAIN[:other domainname] This server will shut down in 5 minutes.To use NET SEND the Messenger service must be running
The NET Command is used to display help as follows: The syntax for displaying help differs from other NT commands:Provide brief help with any NET command
NET option suboption /?e.g. NET CONFIG SERVER /?
Provide detailed help with any NET command
NET option suboption /HELP orNET HELP option suboptione.g. NET CONFIG SERVER /HELPNET HELP CONFIG SERVER
To provide help with a Windows error message (Typically the 4 digit number from the Event Viewer system log)
NET HELPMSG message#e.g.NET HELPMSG 2184
Explanation of how to read NET HELP screens.
NET HELP SYNTAX
To display NET Help one screen at a time:
NET HELP option MORE
The NET Command is used to manage network resources as follows: Managing Network configurationTo add a computer to the domainNET COMPUTER \\ComputerName /ADDThis command is only available from the Server and is best run from the Primary Domain Controller (PDC)To remove a computer from the domainNET COMPUTER \\ComputerName /DELThis command is only available from the Server and is best run from the Primary Domain Controller (PDC)Change the idle session timeout (default = 15 minutes)NET CONFIG SERVER /Autodisconnect:mmTo disable idle timeouts altogetherNET CONFIG SERVER /Autodisconnect:-1Note this may reduce overall performance - see related KBase articles below.To remove a machine from Network NeighbourhoodNET CONFIG SERVER /hidden:yesBefore using the /hidden option see Q128167
Change the comment displayed in My Computer (detail view)NET CONFIG SERVER /Srvcomment:"YourText"Display or change the Workstation Service communication device settingsNET CONFIG WORKSTATION /?Display statistics for the local Workstation serviceNET STATISTICS WORKSTATIONDisplay statistics for the local Server serviceNET STATISTICS SERVER
Mode is an all purpose configuration command, used without parameters, MODE displays the status of all devices installed on your system. Devices Show the status of all devices: (Typically COM1, COM2, LPT1, CON)MODE Show the status of a specific device:MODE [device] To additionally show the status of any redirected parallel printer:MODE [device] [/STATUS] CMD Prompt window size Change the CMD prompt screen size/buffer Number of cols(characters) wide and Number of lines deepMODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]KeyboardSet the keyboard typematic rate, the rate at which a character is repeated when you hold down the key. MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d] Printing To redirect output from a parallel port (PRN, LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3) to a serial port(COM1, COM2, COM3, etc). You must be a member of the Administrators group to redirect printing. To configure a parallel printer port (PRN, LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3): MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]To setup the parameters for a serial port (* see Start, Help, Commands for more on this). MODE COMm [options*]Configure a printer connected to a parallel printer port. mode LPTn[:] [c][,[l][,r]] mode LPTn[:] [cols=c] [lines=l]This allows you to configure a line printer connected to a parallel printer port. International SettingsChange the current code page: MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyyDisplay the current Code page: MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS]
Examples:
MODE CON:cols=80 lines=25
"The dogma of the ghost in the machine" - Gilbert Ryle
SUMMARY
loadTOCNode(1, 'summary');
This article describes how to use the net user command to change the user password at a Windows command prompt. Only administrators can change domain passwords at the Windows command prompt.
MORE INFORMATION
loadTOCNode(1, 'moreinformation');
To change a user's password at the command prompt, log on as an administrator and type:
net user user_name * /domain
When you are prompted to type a password for the user, type the new password, not the existing password. After you type the new password, the system prompts you to retype the password to confirm. The password is now changed. Alternatively, you can type the following command:
net user user_name new_password
When you do so, the password changes without prompting you again. This command also enables you to change passwords in a batch file. Non-administrators receive a "System error 5 has occurred. Access is denied" error message when they attempt to change the password.
ram
ram disk device
Ram is a block device to access the ram disk in raw mode.It is typically created by: mknod -m 660 /dev/ram b 1 1 chown root:disk /dev/ram
FILES /dev/ram
"All your life you live so close to truth it becomes a permanent blur in the corner of your eye. And when something nudges it into outline, it's like being ambushed by a grotesque." Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead
Saturday, March 22, 2008
Job Search
Preliminary Steps:
Before you start searching for a job, you should have a clear and realistic career objective. What are your career interests? What type of job would do you like to have? Do you have required qualifications and experience for it? What compensation do you expect initially? These are certain matters on which you should take important decisions. Your professional objective should be a short term as well as long-term targets. As a first step, you should register your name in the employment exchange either in your district or city. You should also prepare a list of at least 50 organizations of repute where your services would be required.
On-line job search:
Your next strategy is how best you could market yourself to the employers. You have to communicate your values, talents and qualifications to the target market. This is done crafting a resume reflecting your credentials in respect your education, experience, skills, achievements etc. Now the major organizations resort to on-line job advertisements for recruitment to key positions. They want things to be done quickly, as postal service is tardy and snail-paced.
There are a number of job sites on the Internet today like naukri.dot.com, Yahoo.com, financial express dot.com etc. Job seekers can enter their resumes on the web site. Similarly, employers post their job requirements on the web site. Resumes and jobs can be matched using certain basis certain basic criteria like qualifications, experience, skills, job locations etc. The candidates themselves can run a search and go through the jobs that match their profile.
Employers can also search for candidates on the web site. They can easily inform a job seekers in their interest in his/her resume through e-mail. The job seekers on their part can independently contact the employer and inform him about their willingness to offer their services to the firm. There are certain sites which have the added facility of an e-mail notification service to keep employers and jobseekers updated about their positions. You can make the fully use of web-enabled recruitment facilities available on the internet by posting your resume on it. You can keep in touch with the already listed organizations and find out their requirements and also meet a few hiring agents.
Job Search - A Frustrating Experience:
A job search is by no means an enjoyable task. You can find a job but what matters is finding a right job. It may be a prolonged endeavour. In a country like ours, there are always constant rejections, which will be very frustrating and highly irritating as well.
More often you find that with all your better qualifications and superior skills, you are ignored in preference to less qualified persons. This may produce quite a lot of heart burning, stress and anxiety. You should not think that all hope is lost and all doors are closed on you. Disappointment and fear are great obstacles to progress. You should have a strong conviction that you will certainly find a right opening and be gainfully employed and it is only a matter of time for you succeed in your job search.
Profitable use of the period of unemployment:
The period of unemployment should not be spent in brooding over your in-activity. On the other hand, you should maintain a high level of activity and keep yourself profitably engaged. It is a period in which you can also develop yourself personally and professionally.
For example, if you have intentions of going abroad, you can prepare and appear for TOEFL, GRE and IELTS. A good score on one of these examinations will widen your scope for working in foreign countries. There are courses on communication skills, personality development, advanced computer study and other post graduate diploma courses, which can help you further your chances of getting appointment.
Seeking Temporary Jobs:
India is a country with plenty of scope for self-employment. If you are not able to get a job within a reasonable period, you can plan to take up simple self-employment as a temporary measure like offering tuition to students. I found in one of my publisher’s offices three full-fledged engineers fro reputed colleges typing my manuscript pm the computer. They work from 8.00 am. to 2.00 p.m. drawing a salary of Rs.3000/- a month each and them going round the city in search of jobs.
Job Search - Period of Planning:
During the period of unemployment, you have to meet plenty of people from all walks of life with a pleasing expression on your face, which will shake you of from the feeling of despondency. Your interaction with people will provide you with opportunities to know the world around you and the changing needs and requirements of the job market. Besides, you will also get their friendly cooperation in your job search. You must bear in mind that the unemployment phase is actually a period of planning and preparation for professional accomplishments and for reaching your career targets.
Hot Trends in Job Searching
With nearly 700,000 employees across the country, the field of human resources is a major U.S. industry that continues to develop and grow. But, unlike other industries, developments in the field of human resources affect all job seekers. The more you know about new technology, trends and future advances in the field, the better off you?ll be when it comes to looking for your next job. Keith Greene, director of organizational programs at the Society for Human Resource Management, and Gerry Crispin, an HR consultant and co-author of CareerXRoads, share what?s new in the HR industry and what the trends mean for job seekers.The Scannable R鳵m鼢r> Greene says that the biggest development in the industry is the increased use of technology by HR practitioners. Today, more companies are relying on computer programs to perform the first level of r鳵m頳creening. This means that your r鳵m頷ill likely be read by a computer before it reaches a real person.Applicant tracking systems are making it easier for hiring managers to pinpoint qualified candidates and sift through the thousands of resumes received each year. Computer applications review emailed or scanned resumes and pick up on pre-set key words that describe duties that are essential to the job. That means that if a position requires someone with specific computer skills or certifications, the software will scan resumes for those terms and automatically turn down any resumes that do not include the key words. Greene says it is, therefore, important for job seekers to understand the technology and use it to their advantage. ?With the sophistication of search engines, job seekers need to make sure they have key words in their resumes,? he says.Greene also notes that job seekers can help themselves by carefully reading job descriptions and tailoring their r鳵m頴o the job. ?Matching words in a r鳵m頴o key words in a job ad becomes really critical,? he says. This also means that it is more important than ever to customize your r鳵m鮠?Job seekers need to have fluid resumes. They need to be able to update them at the drop of a hat,? he says.If you are unsure about what key words to include in your r鳵m鬠Greene suggests networking to find out what the company is looking for. ?Talk to people at the company and ask them about their key words,? he says. The bottom line is that you must give thought to what words are included in your r鳵m鮼br> Improved Cover LettersAnother trend Greene has observed in the industry is the prevalence of ?Q-letters.? These letters are cover letters that are designed to address skills asked for in a job description or help wanted ad. The letters are typically set up in a two-column format. One column is the ?needs? side that lists the skills or experiences requested by the job description. The second column is the ?what I have? side that lists the applicant?s skills. Writing a cover letter in this fashion is an efficient and direct way to demonstrate just how you meet the company?s needs. ?HR people really like these letters,? says Greene.Enhanced Tools on Job Search SitesOnline job search sites, like inceptioninternational.com, continue to offer new and enhanced features for both individuals seeking jobs and companies searching for qualified candidates. inceptioninternational.com recently introduced a state-of-the-art job search engine with features that allow job seekers to zoom in on positions with the most relevance to their own experience using key words, geographical and salary criteria. Candidates who post their resumes on inceptioninternational.com gain exposure to 25,000 of the top employers in the nation. Like other electronic means, when posting your r鳵m頯r applying to jobs on these types of sites, ensuring your information is well-written and contains vital key words will increase your chances of an employer selecting your r鳵m頯r application for consideration.Company Web SitesBoth Green and Crispin say that another trend in the industry is a focus on company Web sites to accept job applications. These sites require applicants to cut and paste information directly into the site, rather than sending in a r鳵m頤ocument. ?This is again where key words come into play,? says Greene. Crispin agrees, and says that the industry as a whole is becoming more customer oriented. ?There is a trend to provide more and better information to job seekers through the company Web site,? he says. Many companies now have full sites dedicated to giving candidates information about the company and positions available, feedback to applicants and more. He says that, in light of this trend, it is even more important for job seekers to research company Web sites before applying for positions.The Basics Still RuleDespite any new advances, both Greene and Crispin say that some rules never change. Networking, personal contacts and employee referrals still stand as the best ways to get your foot in the door. And, says Greene, the rules haven?t changed when it comes to what not to do. No matter how or where you send in your r鳵m鬠?No typos,? he says. ?That?s a cardinal rule. A typo is the ultimate deal breaker.?
Before you start searching for a job, you should have a clear and realistic career objective. What are your career interests? What type of job would do you like to have? Do you have required qualifications and experience for it? What compensation do you expect initially? These are certain matters on which you should take important decisions. Your professional objective should be a short term as well as long-term targets. As a first step, you should register your name in the employment exchange either in your district or city. You should also prepare a list of at least 50 organizations of repute where your services would be required.
On-line job search:
Your next strategy is how best you could market yourself to the employers. You have to communicate your values, talents and qualifications to the target market. This is done crafting a resume reflecting your credentials in respect your education, experience, skills, achievements etc. Now the major organizations resort to on-line job advertisements for recruitment to key positions. They want things to be done quickly, as postal service is tardy and snail-paced.
There are a number of job sites on the Internet today like naukri.dot.com, Yahoo.com, financial express dot.com etc. Job seekers can enter their resumes on the web site. Similarly, employers post their job requirements on the web site. Resumes and jobs can be matched using certain basis certain basic criteria like qualifications, experience, skills, job locations etc. The candidates themselves can run a search and go through the jobs that match their profile.
Employers can also search for candidates on the web site. They can easily inform a job seekers in their interest in his/her resume through e-mail. The job seekers on their part can independently contact the employer and inform him about their willingness to offer their services to the firm. There are certain sites which have the added facility of an e-mail notification service to keep employers and jobseekers updated about their positions. You can make the fully use of web-enabled recruitment facilities available on the internet by posting your resume on it. You can keep in touch with the already listed organizations and find out their requirements and also meet a few hiring agents.
Job Search - A Frustrating Experience:
A job search is by no means an enjoyable task. You can find a job but what matters is finding a right job. It may be a prolonged endeavour. In a country like ours, there are always constant rejections, which will be very frustrating and highly irritating as well.
More often you find that with all your better qualifications and superior skills, you are ignored in preference to less qualified persons. This may produce quite a lot of heart burning, stress and anxiety. You should not think that all hope is lost and all doors are closed on you. Disappointment and fear are great obstacles to progress. You should have a strong conviction that you will certainly find a right opening and be gainfully employed and it is only a matter of time for you succeed in your job search.
Profitable use of the period of unemployment:
The period of unemployment should not be spent in brooding over your in-activity. On the other hand, you should maintain a high level of activity and keep yourself profitably engaged. It is a period in which you can also develop yourself personally and professionally.
For example, if you have intentions of going abroad, you can prepare and appear for TOEFL, GRE and IELTS. A good score on one of these examinations will widen your scope for working in foreign countries. There are courses on communication skills, personality development, advanced computer study and other post graduate diploma courses, which can help you further your chances of getting appointment.
Seeking Temporary Jobs:
India is a country with plenty of scope for self-employment. If you are not able to get a job within a reasonable period, you can plan to take up simple self-employment as a temporary measure like offering tuition to students. I found in one of my publisher’s offices three full-fledged engineers fro reputed colleges typing my manuscript pm the computer. They work from 8.00 am. to 2.00 p.m. drawing a salary of Rs.3000/- a month each and them going round the city in search of jobs.
Job Search - Period of Planning:
During the period of unemployment, you have to meet plenty of people from all walks of life with a pleasing expression on your face, which will shake you of from the feeling of despondency. Your interaction with people will provide you with opportunities to know the world around you and the changing needs and requirements of the job market. Besides, you will also get their friendly cooperation in your job search. You must bear in mind that the unemployment phase is actually a period of planning and preparation for professional accomplishments and for reaching your career targets.
Hot Trends in Job Searching
With nearly 700,000 employees across the country, the field of human resources is a major U.S. industry that continues to develop and grow. But, unlike other industries, developments in the field of human resources affect all job seekers. The more you know about new technology, trends and future advances in the field, the better off you?ll be when it comes to looking for your next job. Keith Greene, director of organizational programs at the Society for Human Resource Management, and Gerry Crispin, an HR consultant and co-author of CareerXRoads, share what?s new in the HR industry and what the trends mean for job seekers.The Scannable R鳵m鼢r> Greene says that the biggest development in the industry is the increased use of technology by HR practitioners. Today, more companies are relying on computer programs to perform the first level of r鳵m頳creening. This means that your r鳵m頷ill likely be read by a computer before it reaches a real person.Applicant tracking systems are making it easier for hiring managers to pinpoint qualified candidates and sift through the thousands of resumes received each year. Computer applications review emailed or scanned resumes and pick up on pre-set key words that describe duties that are essential to the job. That means that if a position requires someone with specific computer skills or certifications, the software will scan resumes for those terms and automatically turn down any resumes that do not include the key words. Greene says it is, therefore, important for job seekers to understand the technology and use it to their advantage. ?With the sophistication of search engines, job seekers need to make sure they have key words in their resumes,? he says.Greene also notes that job seekers can help themselves by carefully reading job descriptions and tailoring their r鳵m頴o the job. ?Matching words in a r鳵m頴o key words in a job ad becomes really critical,? he says. This also means that it is more important than ever to customize your r鳵m鮠?Job seekers need to have fluid resumes. They need to be able to update them at the drop of a hat,? he says.If you are unsure about what key words to include in your r鳵m鬠Greene suggests networking to find out what the company is looking for. ?Talk to people at the company and ask them about their key words,? he says. The bottom line is that you must give thought to what words are included in your r鳵m鮼br> Improved Cover LettersAnother trend Greene has observed in the industry is the prevalence of ?Q-letters.? These letters are cover letters that are designed to address skills asked for in a job description or help wanted ad. The letters are typically set up in a two-column format. One column is the ?needs? side that lists the skills or experiences requested by the job description. The second column is the ?what I have? side that lists the applicant?s skills. Writing a cover letter in this fashion is an efficient and direct way to demonstrate just how you meet the company?s needs. ?HR people really like these letters,? says Greene.Enhanced Tools on Job Search SitesOnline job search sites, like inceptioninternational.com, continue to offer new and enhanced features for both individuals seeking jobs and companies searching for qualified candidates. inceptioninternational.com recently introduced a state-of-the-art job search engine with features that allow job seekers to zoom in on positions with the most relevance to their own experience using key words, geographical and salary criteria. Candidates who post their resumes on inceptioninternational.com gain exposure to 25,000 of the top employers in the nation. Like other electronic means, when posting your r鳵m頯r applying to jobs on these types of sites, ensuring your information is well-written and contains vital key words will increase your chances of an employer selecting your r鳵m頯r application for consideration.Company Web SitesBoth Green and Crispin say that another trend in the industry is a focus on company Web sites to accept job applications. These sites require applicants to cut and paste information directly into the site, rather than sending in a r鳵m頤ocument. ?This is again where key words come into play,? says Greene. Crispin agrees, and says that the industry as a whole is becoming more customer oriented. ?There is a trend to provide more and better information to job seekers through the company Web site,? he says. Many companies now have full sites dedicated to giving candidates information about the company and positions available, feedback to applicants and more. He says that, in light of this trend, it is even more important for job seekers to research company Web sites before applying for positions.The Basics Still RuleDespite any new advances, both Greene and Crispin say that some rules never change. Networking, personal contacts and employee referrals still stand as the best ways to get your foot in the door. And, says Greene, the rules haven?t changed when it comes to what not to do. No matter how or where you send in your r鳵m鬠?No typos,? he says. ?That?s a cardinal rule. A typo is the ultimate deal breaker.?
Thursday, March 6, 2008
Tuesday, January 29, 2008
Thursday, January 10, 2008
Sunday, January 6, 2008
infosys papers
Qs. 1-3. The letters in the word PROTEIN are rearranged in such a way that the consonants are arranged alphabetically and then the vowels are arranged alphabetically.
1. How many letters will be there between R and I after the rearrangement?
1. How many letters will be there between R and I after the rearrangement?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) Three
5) More than three
2. Which of the following will be the third from right after the rearrangement?
1) T
2) O
3) R
4) I
5) None of these
3. Which of the following will be the third from left after the rearrangement?
1) R
2) N
3) O
4) P
5) None of these
4. e26Πis related to e5Πin the same way as e65Πis related to ________ .
1) 7
2) 9
3) 8
4) 6
5) None of these
5. How many such digits are there in the number 724513 each of which is as far away from the beginning in the number as when they are arranged in ascending order starting from left?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) Three
5) More than three
Qs. 6-10. What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following questions?
6. x (223 +?) = 71
6. x (223 +?) = 71
1) 342
2) 346
3) 345
4) 348
5) None of these
7. 0.07% of 1250-0.02% of 650 = ?
1) 0.625
2) 0.545
3) 0.615
4) 0.745
5) None of these
8. of of 640% of 60 =?
1) 24
2) 32
3) 18
4) 12
5) None of these
9. € 0.5 = ?
1) 5
2) 50
3) 500
4) 2.5
5) None of these
10. 4985.23 + 4632.14 - ? = 4022.12
1) 5955.25
2) 5595.25
3) 5295.55
4) 5255.95
5) None of these
11. How many such pairs of letters are there in the word CREDIT each of which has as many letters between them in the word as in the English alphabet?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) Three
5) More than three
12. eCubf is related to eTigerf in the same way as eKittenf is related to ________ .
1) Dog
2) Cat
3) Duck
4) Swan
5) None of these
13. eONf is related to eOFFf in the same way as eHOTf is related to __________ .
1) Water
2) Switch
3) Tap
4) Liquid
5) None of these
14. eMOREf is related to eEORMf in the same way as eSUITf is related to _________ .
1) TIUS
2) ISTU
3) IUST
4) TUIS
5) None of these
15. How many meaningful words can be made from the letters LMEA using each letter only once in each word?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) Three
5) More than three
Qs. 16-20. What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following questions?
16. + 9 =?
16. + 9 =?
1) 90
2) 99
3) 108
4) 117
5) None of these
17. x 34 = ?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) None of these
18. x x ? =
1)
2)
3)
4) 1
5) None of these
19. 12% of 580 + ? = 94
1) 26.4
2) 24.4
3) 30.4
4) 28.4
5) None of these
20. (3692 + 1863 + 2410) € 125 = ?
1) 63.82
2) 63.92
3) 63.42
4) 63.72
5) None of these
ANSWERS:
1. (3)
2. (5)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (2)
6. (3)
7. (4)
8. (5)
9. (1)
10. (2)
11. (3)
12. (2)
13. (5)
14. (4)
15. (4)
16. (1)
17. (5)
18. (4)
19. (2)
20. (4)
Š
2. (5)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (2)
6. (3)
7. (4)
8. (5)
9. (1)
10. (2)
11. (3)
12. (2)
13. (5)
14. (4)
15. (4)
16. (1)
17. (5)
18. (4)
19. (2)
20. (4)
Š
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